Although infertility is a common global problem, treatment is sometimes ineffective, and the number of couples seeking infertility services has increased dramatically over the last decade. Such an increase in infertility rates clearly indicates the need for the development of new strategies to treat sterility. It has become evident that redox regulation in reproductive biology, that is, regulation driven by ROS and RNS, represents an inevitable new tool for studying fundamental fertilization processes. Accordingly, the present article dealt with the problem of sterility from the perspective of redox regulation.Weaimedherenotonlytoreviewtheknownfacts of the multiple roles that NO plays in spermatozoa and integrating different aspects of the physiological act, but also to open new fields for future research of its complex action in male infertility, emphasizing it as a potentially useful strategy for prevention and management of infertility. The ubiquitous involvement of NO in the regulation of crucial spermfertilizing events may have huge clinical implications in developing new therapeutic strategies to treat fertilization disorders in men. In this regard, use of new potent substances that modulate sperm redox state by selective production/removal of certain ROS/RNS could be a new power tool to increase male fertility and promote conception.
